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Medical FAQ
What should I do if I have vaginal discharge or itching?
If it is only a feeling of itching and there is no discharge, you can use over-the-counter products (Tantum Rosa, Femigel, Ginexid vaginal pessaries, Gynocaps vaginal capsules, borax globules). If the discharge is white, lumpy and itches considerably, it is probably a yeast infection, and again you can use one of the over-the-counter products (Gyno Pevaryl Combi, Candibene Combi, Jenamazol vaginal cream, Canesten combi). It is always more effective to use a combination product, for insertion into the vagina and at the same time for external use; external use alone is not enough. If the discharge or itching persists for more than 3 days even with treatment with over-the-counter products, book an examination. If the discharge is yellow or green or contains traces of blood, book an examination.
I have not had my period when expected, what should I do?
Take a pregnancy test, and if it is positive, book an examination. If the test is negative and your period is more than 2 weeks late, I recommend an examination by a gynecologist and, where appropriate, a hormone injection to induce a period (to prevent dysfunctional bleeding).
What should I do if my periods are irregular?
It is always advisable to see a gynecologist to determine whether the period is really irregular, whether the irregular bleeding has a cause (inflammation, a polyp, a malignant tumour, a hormonal disorder, an ovulation disorder) and whether it needs to be treated.
I have spotting outside my regular cycle while taking hormonal contraception, is that wrong?
If the contraception was newly started, this is usually so-called breakthrough bleeding, which usually disappears after 1–2 cycles of taking the contraception. It is always necessary to take the contraception every day at the same time, especially if it is a low-dose hormonal contraceptive. If the bleeding persists for more than 2–3 cycles, book an examination. Certain pathological conditions need to be ruled out, such as inflammation and, more rarely, precancerous or cancerous conditions and others.
What should I do if I forgot to take my contraceptive pill?
If less than 12 hours have passed, the effectiveness of protection against pregnancy is not reduced; take the tablet as soon as you realise the mistake and take the next tablet at the usual time. If more than 12 hours have passed since you should have taken the tablet, the effectiveness of the contraception is reduced. It is advisable to read the package leaflet, where you will find detailed instructions on what to do in this situation. If you are not sure, discuss the problem with your gynecologist.
I had unprotected sex and I am not using contraception, how can I reduce the risk of pregnancy?
You can use the Postinor or Escapelle tablet, which can be bought at a pharmacy without a prescription on presentation of an ID card. It is advisable not to use the tablets repeatedly; they are intended for exceptional situations and single use. It is advisable to take the tablet as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse (within 72 hours at the latest).
When are breast examinations and mammography screening carried out?
In the Czech Republic, mammography screening paid for by public health insurance has been introduced, carried out in women aged 45 and over every 2 years. The Czech Gynecological Society recommends carrying out mammography screening every year from the age of 40, beyond the scope of public health insurance - patients pay for it themselves. In the case of a pathological finding in the breast (fibroadenoma, cyst, breast pain and others), patients are referred for a mammogram or ultrasound examination individually as needed.
I have bleeding after the menopause, is that all right?
Any bleeding or spotting after the menopause (counted as 1 year since the last period) needs to be examined and verified histologically. In this case, book a gynecological examination immediately.
Should I take hormone replacement therapy after the menopause?
The approach is individual for every patient, and the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy must always be weighed. It depends on the severity of the woman's problems (hot flushes, sweating, insomnia, mood changes, atrophy of the mucous membranes), as well as on age, the risk of osteoporosis and the presence of contraindications.
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